Gandhi s Effect On The Independence Of India - 1713 Words

On March 12, 1930 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, more widely known as Mahatma Gandhi, began his famous salt march to the sea. Gandhi’s salt march was an act of civil disobedience, or satyagraha, which loosely means â€Å"truth-force†, against the rule of the British government over India at the time. This march was Gandhi’s way of fighting rejecting the tax that the British government had put on salt for the Indian people. Gandhi’s act of marching to the sea to produce salt sparked motions and revolutions throughout the country. This march is considered by many to be the catalyst that lead to the eventual freedom of India from British rule. What Lead to the March Before leading the salt march in India and becoming one of the most well known Indian civil rights activists, Gandhi studied law in London and left for twenty years to pursue being a lawyer in South Africa. While there, Gandhi experienced racism because Indians were looked down upon in South Africa. Once becoming involved in the law, he began to involve himself in helping to reduce racial injustices and became the largest advocate in South Africa for Indian rights. Gandhi’s experiences in South Africa prepared him for and allowed him to become the political influence he was for his people when he returned to India. After nearly two years of violent attacks and strife to gain control, British rule was officially established in India. This rule was known as the Raj by the Indian people, and while it was harsh and powerful itShow MoreRelatedMahatma Gandhi - Father of Modern India1734 Words   |  7 PagesMohandas Gandhi – Father of Modern India – Sky W. During the late 1800’s, India was yet again being taken over by another conquering nation (Britain). The British were not the first to do this, but followed in the footsteps of the Greek and Persian invasions of the 5th Century BC. Though the control factor remained the same, the way the British went about doing it – gradual and subtle – was not the same method the Persians or the Greeks used of an immediate and simple takeover. If India were toRead MoreIndia was granted independence from the British on 15 August 1947. Her to path independence was not1300 Words   |  6 PagesIndia was granted independence from the British on 15 August 1947. Her to path independence was not because of one person or just one movement. It was rather a collection of multiple events which were both violent and nonviolent in nature. In essence the Indian Independence Movement lasted nearly a century starting with the Sepoy rebellion(1857) to the formation of the Indian National Congr ess to the Salt Satyagraha(1929) to the Quit India Movement (1942) and finally Independence in the 1947. InRead MoreIndia Challenges Of India s Indian Movement Of Independence1477 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Gandhi challenges British rule in India When one imagines of the early 1940s’ Indian movement of independence, one figure readily clicks into the mind; the popular Mahatma Gandhi, who was an immensely leader in India. He was nicknamed Mahatma by most of his countrymen, a name that meant â€Å"The Great Soul†. This leader led to a remarkable change of the world far much beyond his sacrificial and successful struggle that led to the end of the British imperial rule in his nation, India. Gandhi believedRead MoreMahatma Gandhi : An Ethical Leader1292 Words   |  6 Pagesdrops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty† (Mahatma Gandhi). This is one of the many inspirational quotes derived from one of the many more teachings Mahatma Gandhi accomplished throughout his life time. To become a leader one must be great, whether born gifted or to eventually achieve greatness. To become an ethical leader one must surpass the expectations that even society has set forth. Mahatma Gandhi has been viewe d by most as a definite ethical leader. He has set the barRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Reflections On Gandhi Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesbegins his essay â€Å"Reflections on Gandhi† from his book george orwells a collection of essays, which is a form of reviews that he did for a major newspaper about Gandhi’s autobiography. Orwell begins responding by advocating the idea of sainthood and then reminds us that it is not applicable to Mahatma Gandhi who is the main subject of his investigation. I shall begin my paper by focusing on how this applies to gandhi and why, as orwell shows us categorically, Gandhi himself considered sainthood asRead MoreEssay on Gandhi`s Passion Towards Helping Indians1125 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mohandas Gandhi was born in Porbandar, a small coastal town in the western region of British ruled India on October 2, 1867. Gandhi’s father was a politician and served as Prime Minister to a number of local Indian Princes. His mother, Putilibai, was Gandhi’s father’s fourth wife. His parents were not well educated but his mother was literate. Despite their educational problems they were well off and owned several houses in Porbandar, and in nearby villages. BecauseRead MoreThe Gandhi And Joseph Mazzini Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesMahatmas Gandhi and Joseph Mazzini make strong arguments regarding these two topics. While they share the common end goal of independence, they contend different views as to what constitutes a nation’s need independence from, and who are members of a certain nation-state. Ultimately, Gandhi’s argument is more morally defensible than Mazzini’s for reasons that will explained. In their arguments for nationalism, both Gandhi and Mazzini argue that nations need to be free. However, Gandhi contends thatRead MoreThe Effect Of Imperialism And Nationalism1092 Words   |  5 Pages The effects of imperialism and nationalism brought the world into an unenviable position during the early 1900 s. Colonies began to revolt against their rulers and left civilian unrest behind. The people began to question and change different structures of governments. Wars began to brew amongst nations and revolutions sparked. These events, however, remain far from inconsequential to modern day societies. Certain aspects, specifically, Gandhi s non-violent resistance, Karl Marx s The CommunistRead MoreBritish Imperialism in India Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Indian National Congress. br(Masani, quoted in Wood, 32, 1989) br brThere is no doubt that British imperialism had a large impact on India. India, having previously been an group of independent and semi-independent princed oms and territories, underwent great change under British administration. Originally intended to consolidate their hold on India by establishing a population that spoke the same language as their rulers, the British decision in the 1830s to educate Indians in a Western fashionRead MoreMahatma Gandhis Leadership Styles1655 Words   |  7 Pageslead. Mahatma Gandhi is a world renowned leader who was a politician, a writer, an intellectual and a gifted orator. I find it incredible that as a young boy, Gandhi did not display any leadership qualities. He was a below average student (lack-luster) and very shy. His remarkable metamorphosis from a dull boy to a brilliant leader attests to the fact that good leaders are made. He has inspired and motivated great leaders such as Albert Einstein, Nelson Mandela and Barack Obama. Gandhi championed passionately

Essay about Potential Barriers to Effective Communication

Communication; in the form of speech is a very powerful tool that’s used by everyone. It can be used by major powers tom dictate opinion; it is used by businesses to conduct business transactions, deals etc. And it’s also used by the average person A barrier is an obstacle that keeps people apart and prevents them from communicating effectively; so there are many barriers that stop people from communicating effectively. Personality Sometimes personality can be a major problem for communicating effectively as some people are not always willing to communicate; and would rather trust their own opinions than listen to anyone else. For example, some people have very overpowering personalities and try to force their opinions onto other†¦show more content†¦Language Language is probably the biggest barrier to effective communication. This is because it stops people from being to communicate with each other at all. So if people are not able to understand each other they will have no chance of communicating effectively. Image Image is another case that can sometimes be a detriment to effective communication. Image can effect communication in different types of areas. For example it can effect someone on an individual basis; where they may think they’re above or superior to other people. It can affect large companies as they continually strive to maintain a good image as they want to sell their products and also open negotiations with other companies. Image can also affect countries on a global scale. For example; some countries have very bad relationships with each other and some have a very bad image within the international community and this reduces their ability to trade etc. This shows that image is a barrier to effective communication. Class Class and social standing can be a big barrier to effective communication as people sometimes feel conscious about their financial situation compared with other people. The more well off people believe themselves to have a bad reputation between and the majority of them feel conscious about this. It then turns into a circleShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Potential Barriers Of Effective Communication1324 Words   |  6 Pageson: The Potential barriers to effective communication. Introduction: There are several barriers that affect effective communication and correcting all of them will improve the overall communication received by the recipient. Moreover, the barrier of communication is when your message gets distorted. The effective communication involves overcoming and conveying a clear and concise message. Background Noise: Furthermore, Background noise is has a foremost impact on the potential barriers of effectiveRead MoreHow to Overcome Barriers in Communication722 Words   |  3 Pagesfollowing report will discuss and resolve the possible barriers in effective communication. It will include different ways in which to overcome the threats that pursue an important discussion, debate or conversation. This report can be useful for people writing reports on effective communication in and around their business or company. Potential Barrier in communication (Cultural Differences) Cultural differences can cause many problems in an effective discussion, for example: If two people are tryingRead MoreNvq Level 2 Health and Social Care Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pages201 Introduction to communication in Health and Social care Outcome 1 1. Identify reasons why people communicate. A. People communicate in order to express themselves; their needs, wants, ideas, likes and dislikes etc. People also communicate for social reasons; talking to friends/family, or to express emotions such as anger, pain, frustration, happiness excitement etc. Communication is used to pass informtion on to other parties, so knowladge of a subject/person can be improvedRead MoreUnderstanding The Principles Of Effective Communications1294 Words   |  6 Pages LO2 – Understand the principles of effective communications. Reece Lamb-Durkin â€Æ' Contents Interpersonal skills 2 Verbal conversations 2 Lip reading 2 Signing 2 Cues in verbal exchanges 2 Body language 2 Intonation 3 Nodding 3 Paraphrasing and summarising 3 Barriers to effective communication 3 Language 3 Distractions 3 Noise 4 â€Æ' Interpersonal skills Interpersonal skills are what we use every day to communicate and interact with people. Those who have strong interpersonal skills areRead MoreEssay on Strategies for Effective Managerial Communication1708 Words   |  7 PagesStrategies for Effective Managerial Communication Ensuring effective managerial communication is a daunting challenge. Each manager has to find their own â€Å"path† to capably communicate with their employees, employers, suppliers, business associates and clients. How is effective employee communication achieved? Effective employee communication is achieved by understanding yourself, the differences within your workforce and your company operating environment. It is based on successfully utilizingRead MoreCommunication Barriers in Workplace1252 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Communication Barriers in the Workplace Communication barriers in the workplace can have a serious effect on the functioning and of an organization. In the following article we shall understand what some of these communication barriers are and how to overcome them. What are the Communication Barriers in the Workplace? Difference in Perception No two people can perceive an event in the same way. What I infer from a particular incident, the other will not necessarily perceive the same. ThisRead MoreA Study on Crisis Communication940 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Crisis communication Crisis communication can be described as a special area within communication studies that to deals with the reputation of individuals and the organization. It is always a move that intend to protect the reputation of an organization as well as maintaining its public image. There are different factors that might try to tarnish the image of an organization, for example government investigations, media inquiry or criminal attack. During crisis, communication will always setRead MoreCommunication Barriers That Can Hinder The Smooth Flow Of Communication Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication is one of the most powerful and effective ways of expressing one’s thoughts and emotions. Success for a student depends largely to the extent of their ability to communicate effectively. There are many factors responsible for a breakdown in communication, known as barriers to communication. This paper will begin by discussing the intrapersonal barriers that can impede on a student’s ability to communicate effectively. It will then examine intercultural language barriers and how theyRead MoreKfc Kentucky Fried Chicken932 Words   |  4 Pagesdirect dollar losses, as less people are consuming KFC chicken. Address the potential issues / major barriers to effective communications and negotiations between the US firm and the foreign supplier Two potential issues were identified as major barriers to effective communication and negotiations between the KFC and the foreign suppliers; Linguistic Barrier, which is different language and vocabulary a barrier in communication. Language is vague in nature and its words are symbols which hardly representRead MoreBarriers to Effective Communication Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause they are the managers those who do run the company and therefore they need to be excellent in dealing with people. However, when the issue of communication is discussed, it is understood that there are more than two people in communication. Moreover, as there would be a number of people working in organisations, there is a lot of communication among companies’ staff everyday. From this context, it can easily be inferred that the organisations’ employees should also be able to communicate effectively

Computer Virus and Prentice Hall free essay sample

Reports of computer security failures appear frequently in the daily new. Cite a reported failure that exemplified one (or more) of the principles listed in the chapter: easiest penetration, adequate protection, effectiveness, weakest link. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer Virus and Prentice Hall or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There has been a lot of reports of security breaches in the news, for example the Sony Playstation Network, RSA Lockheed Martin compromise, Hyundai and so on, these have been of recent and these all show how vulnerable we are to security threats out there on the world wide web which has very little to do with borders of the country or state. The Internet is a gateway of information all over the word where people are connected and providing and absorbing information. Many of the security restrictions that apply in a physical sense do not in the cyber world. I have picked the Sony Playstation Network (PSN) compromise as my topic of discussion to show the areas covered in chapter one that talk about penetration, protection, effectiveness, weakest link. A successful penetration into the PSN by the attacker, has compromised peoples credit card information, birthdates, addresses, phone numbers and more. The successful penetration was delivered disguised in the form of a purchase as stated by Sony Chief Information Officer Shinji Hajesima (Ogg, 2011). The systems were unable to detect the attack going through as it went through has a purchase transaction. This show lack of adequate protection, in the article it also mentions that the vulnerability that was exploited by the hacker was also known. This shows that it is absolutely important to make sure that the patches for known vulnerabilities are deployed and the systems are patched accordingly, though one may argue if the patching introduces other forms of vulnerability. The successful exploitation of the system led to the loss of personal details of up to 70 million (Schreier, 2011) customers, this information could be used for identity theft, credit card theft, and besides that the down time for customers who are using the system that they have paid for. The effectiveness of this attack is shown by the shutdown of the PSN for a number of days. This shows that the effectiveness of the protection on this system was lacking, the inability to pickup on the intrusion as it happened and thus showing us a weak link in the system security. The article shows us the combination of things that have come into play that have led to the successful compromise of the PSN network. Starting with the vulnerability that was known by Sony with the systems and left unattended, secondly the inability of the intrusion detection system to pick up the actual attack or the delivery of the malformed data that exploited the vulnerability to permit access to the attacker, lastly the storage of data in an unencrypted but hashed form which is reversible to obtain the credentials and personal details of the PSN users or customers.

Merchant Essays - Literature, William Shakespeare, Film,

Merchant Of Venice Stereotypes in "The Merchant of Venice" "Dumb jocks! ", "Women don't belong there, doing that!", "He must be a criminal, just look at his clothes." How often have we heard somebody mention these things, yet, how often have we said something similar? Our society is based on face values where we categorize people because of a few actions. All of the above statements are prejudicial notions used to define members of a social or an ethnic group, and are called stereotypes. Stereotypes are explored greatly in the Shakespeare play "The Merchant Of Venice", as most of the main characters are looked upon with a stereotypical point of view. However Not all of the main characters are, some take a different perspective and are a completely different breed of character compared to the others. A good example of a stereotypical character in "The Merchant of Venice" would be Shylock. Shylock is a Jew, and in this time period, Jews where used mainly as loan officials. The stereotype that he is placed with is that of a Jew, or as it was seen back then. While the character Portia is a good example of a character that hasn't been implemented with any stereotypes. Some of the play's characters have some stereotypical aspect about them. Antonio is the main character, and is affected by stereotypes. He is noble, rich, high class, dominant and couldn't care less for the Jew and always wants to make a buck. This was the stereotype for a rich businessman, and this is how the audience views Antonio. " You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, And spit upon my Jewish gabardine," (A1, S3, Ln103-104) Here Shylock is telling us what Antonio has done to him in the past, which shows that Antonio is both a snob and high class, as he looks down upon the Jew and spits on his clothes. "... I thank my fortune for it, ...Upon the fortune of this present year: Therefore my merchandise makes me not sad" (A1, S1, Ln41-45) Here Antonio is expressing his sadness for his ships that are at see. He is sad because he is unsure if they will return bringing him his riches or if that they will sink on their mission. This is when the audience is first shown his greed and businessman like attitude. His nobility is shown well in the courtroom scene. "For Herein Fortune shows herself more kind Than is her custom: it is still her use To let wretched man outlive his wealth" (A4, S1, Ln263-265) Antonio is saying that it was fate's choice to let him die here, and he has accepted that. This shows his nobility, as he is ready to accept defeat to the Jew and receive his punishment, instead of trying to wriggle out of it. Another character that is also very stereotypical is Shylock, the villainous Jew. He is a man who is sought after only for a loan, as it was only Jews who could give loans and receive interest. Shylock's character of cunning, evil and mischievous man was the stereotype of a Jew back then. This is how Shylock is portrayed through out the play. " Fair sir, you spat on me Wednesday last, You spurned me such a day, another time You called me dog: and for these courtesies I'll lend you thus much monies." (A1, S3, Ln118-121) Many people would ask the question, why would someone in Shylock's position want to give anything to a person who has treated them as badly as Antonio. However, under the interest free bond that Shylock has created with Antonio lies a need for revenge so great that Shylock will do anything to take the life of Antonio. This shows how cunning and mischievous he is as he then agrees and instead of paying interest, if Antonio is late, he will pay a pound of flesh. " Expressed in the condition, let forfeit Be nominated for an equal pound Of you fair flesh, to be cut off and taken" (A1, S3, Ln141-143) This again shows his cunning and corrupt character. Although both Antonio and Shylock and both stereotyped in the play, there are some characters that are not stereotyped. The best example of this is Portia. Back in Shakespeare's time, the woman was stereotyped as being obedient they also never usually were expected to do anything socially of any real importance. And although Portia is partly a stereotyped character with the fact that she follows her father wishes in that the person she marries

The Airbag Lab Report Essays - Chemistry, Matter,

The Airbag Lab Report Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to design a model airbag that is stable and uninflated until the reactants react. Procedure: In able to calculate and find out how much sodium bicarbonate is needed; we need to find the volume of the Ziploc bag. To do this, we filled the bag up with water, zipped it, and poured it out into a graduated cylinder measuring the volume. The volume of the water is the same as the volume of carbon dioxide. We used this information along with the pressure and the temperature of the room given to calculate the number of moles of carbon dioxide to fill the bag using PV=nRT. With this information, we then converted the number of moles of carbon dioxide into grams of sodium bicarbonate. We also converted 0.50 M hydrochloric acid into mL to know the amount needed. Materials: 1 Ziploc bag, 0.50 M HCl, baking soda, water Data: Results: Summary: The carbon dioxide that is produced from the chemical reaction inflated the bag. When inflated, the bag should be firm but should not burst. After this experiment, I now understand how airbag works. It must have taken many experiments designing an airbag to make sure that it does not inflate by accident, inflate when there is an accident, does not produce harmful chemicals, and many other factors to consider.

Analysis of Goodwives essays

Analysis of Goodwives essays According to Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, men used women both positively and negatively. From my understanding of the book Good Wives there were more negative then positive ways of how men used women between 1650 and 1750 in Northern New England. Here I will briefly explain the one and only positive aspect followed by the negative aspects. I will also express my opin-ion of the relationships between men and women during this time period, whether they were positive or negative. The one and only positive way men (husbands) used women (wives) were as Deputy Husbands. A Deputy Husband would stand in the place of her husband in his absence or if he were unable to perform his duties. Some wives were servile, some were shrews, others were respected compan-ions who shared the authority of their spouses in the management of family affairs (p. 38). In performing her husbands duties, a wife not only gained the respect of her husband, but she also gained his trust as well. As a consort (a consort tuned her life to her mates (p. 9)), a wife would be aware that in strengthening her husbands business affairs she strengthened her own. The first negative aspect of how men used women was as Christians. Being a Christian was not negative, but how women were treated in the Church was negative. A Christian seized spiritual equality and remained silent in the church. Among the Congregationalist majority in New England, women could sign the covenant, enlarge the scriptures, write and even publish, but only among the Quakers could they hold office or preach in mixed assemblies (p. 9). In others words women were the majority in the church and as the majority they were allowed to sign the covenant and enlarge the scriptures, but they werent allowed to hold office or preach. Women werent even allowed to sit on the main floor ...

Promissory estoppel Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Promissory estoppel - Article Example Moreover, in the absence of the extra efforts put in by the workers, the Print UK Ltd would not have been in a position to release the book on the agreed upon date. Failure to have released the book would have proved detrimental to the profits of the Print UK Ltd. This undesirable circumstance had been thwarted, solely on account of the extra work put in by its workers. Promissory estoppel is an important remedy, provided by the law, to an injured party in a contract. It enables the plaintiff to sue the promisor, if the former acts on the promise of the promisor, who subsequently, fails to fulfil the promised benefit to the former1. Promissory estoppel, also known as detrimental reliance, is that which the promisor can be reasonably expected to initiate some action or forbearance by either the promisee or a third party. If injustice can be prevented only by the performance of a promise, then such promise will be binding. Under this precept, a promisor who influences a promisee to significantly change his stance is disallowed from refusing the binding nature of the promise, for the reason that there had been no consideration from the promisee2. In the realm of equity, the notion of promissory estoppel binds the parties to the agreements; despite the l... However, legal luminaries have contended that it can be used as a shield and not as a sword. Therefore, an aggrieved party cannot use this concept to enforce a promise3. In Williams v Roffey, the Court of Appeal held that if a party to a contract promises an additional amount to the other party to ensure the performance of the contractual obligations by that other party; then such a promise is binding, provided, the promisor receives some new practical benefit or circumvents some disadvantage4. In this case, the defendant Roffey offered the bonus amount to the plaintiff, Williams. As a result, Roffey received three benefits, from that offer to pay an additional amount. First, Roffey could ensure that Williams would not stop the work. Secondly, he could avoid payment of damages under the main contract's damages clause, which stated that he should not delay performance; and lastly, Roffey could circumvent the incurring of additional expenditure by engaging a sub-contractor5. Thus these tangible benefits that are consequent to the completion of the existing obligation represent the consideration. The Court held that the plaintiff, Williams was entitled to receive the additional payment, as promised by the defendant, Roffey6. In accordance with the decision in Williams v Roffey, the Print UK Ltd, had derived a practical benefit, on account of the completion of the work, within the deadline, by its workers. As such, circumvention of this loss is the practical benefit that had been obtained by the Print UK Ltd. This practical benefit constitutes the consideration for the existing obligations in the contract. The workers had put in quite a bit of extra effort, consequent to the promise made by the Print UK Ltd. In this connection, some important judgements,

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Homework - Assignment Example Therefore, 2.5 tons/square yard = 5500/1296 pounds/square inches = 4.24 pounds/in2 6. 2.1 oz/in2 = tons/acre. One ton is equivalent to 3.125*10-5. To convert oz into pounds = 2.1/3.125*10-5. One square inch is equivalent to 1.59*10-7 acre. To convert square inch into acre = 1/1.59*10-7. Therefore, 2.1 oz per square inch = (2.1/159)*3.125 =6.5625/159 =0.0413 tons/acre 7. 34 square kilometer per liter into square mile per ml. one kilometer is equivalent to 0.62 miles while one liter is equivalent to a thousand ml. to convert 34 square kilometers per liter into square miles per ml = (34 * 0.622)/ 1000= 13/1000 = 0.013 miles per ml. 9. 81 square rd per 20 min to acres per hour. One square yd = 0.00021 acre hence 81 square yd = 81* 0.00021 = 0.0167. Also, to convert 20 min into hours = 20/60 =0.333. Therefore, 81 square yd per 20 min = 0.0167/0.333 = 0.05 acres per hour. 10. 1. 76 tons/cubic yd to oz/cubic inch. 1 ton =32000 oz, hence 1.76 tons = 56,320 oz. Also, 1 cubic yard = 46656 cubic inches. Therefore, 1.76 tons per cubic yd = 56,320oz/46656 cubic inches = 1.21 oz/cubic inch. 11. 150 rods per 6 min and 10 seconds into mile per hour. 1 rod =0.003125 miles while 1 min = 0.0167 hour. Therefore 150 rods = 0.46875 miles and 370 seconds = 0.103 hours. Speed = 0.46875 miles/0.103 hours = 4.55 miles per hour. 12. Theoretical capacity = width (feet) * Speed (meters/ seconds)/8.25. Speed of the combine is 4.2 miles per hour = 6759.24metrs/3,600seconds = 1.88 meters per second. Therefore, theoretical capacity = (20*1.88)/8.25 = 37.6/8.25 = 4.56 a/hr. 13. Efficiency is the product of theoretical capacity and effective field capacity (Field & Solie 124). Theoretical capacity = 7.2 a/hr. field capacity = 64.7 a/13hrs = 4.98a/hr. Efficiency = 7.2*4.98 = 35.86%. 16. Width of 7m = 22.97feet. Speed =6kms/hr = 6000m/3600sec = 1.67 m/s. theoretical capacity = (22.97*1.67)/8.25 = 4.65 a/hr. but 1acre =0.4hectare.

Analyze the external and internal environment of the company + SOWT Case Study

Analyze the external and internal environment of the company + SOWT - Case Study Example Other partners of Zip car include the Gridlock partners and Bench mark capital. It major focus is to occupy regions that are populated and witness challenges car parking. Taxicabs also pose a great threat to the Zip car company. Zip car offers two products to consumers. These include fleet management and car sharing. The potential customers for this company are students and staffs in colleges and universities. Membership procedures involves filling of forms. The company uses an in house technology in the production of its products. This type of technology allows customers to be easily accessed without any compromise to security of vehicles. In addition, they employ a technology called radio frequency identification. This is very useful in authenticating drivers (Patrick, 3). Besides, it allows a holder to have access to a car if one holds a reservation. Further, and the radio frequency identification gives the company an opportunity to track cars when some routines are to be carried. Among these routines include inventory management; billing, and car maintained. Zipcar also has well developed software for fleet management. This has enabled Zip Car Company to manage both the public and private organizations fleet The industry environment of Zip car consists of Buyers and suppliers. The major buyers include college students and staff. There is also the category of people who would want to join the company. There is a legal procedure to be followed. They fill the required forms besides paying a legal fee (Patrick, 3). The consumers of Zip car have complemented public transit with car sharing. Public transportation is highly encouraged by consumers in the major cities where this company operates. Car sharing is very useful for trips taken away from town Zip car has many challenges to deal with. One of them is that the consumers perceive owning a car as an expensive affair. In addition, it takes a lot of time

The Relationship between Police, the Courts and Corrections

The Relationship between Police, the Courts and Corrections The Relationship between Police, the Courts and Corrections The Criminal Justice components create a system when they apply their functions together looking for the same objective; to enforce justice into society. Even when the components of the Criminal Justice system are working to accomplish the same objective they work in different fields and the job of each component is very different from the others. The Criminal Justice System refers to a collection of federal, state, and local public agencies that are created to deal with criminals (The Structure of Criminal Justice. 2013). There is a distance inside the relationship of the three components and this distance brings benefits and failures into the process. There are certain benefits that are created due to the distance between each component of the Criminal Justice system. The nature of the courts and the job they perform in the process of enforcing justice into society makes the courts an authority to regulate the work of police officers and correctional officers. Crime looks very different from the perserpective of a police officer, a judge will have to see the entire situation from a different point of view (Peak, 2012. p9). This is very helpful to guarantee police officers and correctional officers are going to perform their job according to what the law dictates. The distance is created naturally because the three components have to deal with different issues in order to accomplish their goal. Even when they do not perform the same activities they need each other because they are connected following the same purpose. The police needs the courts to process and take care of the suspects once they are taken into custody, the same way the courts need the corrections to deal with the inmates once they have been sentenced. It is also said that the Criminal Justice â€Å"agencies often fail to coordinate their activities and, thereby, ignore the impact that their decisions will have on other agencies† (The Structure of Criminal Justice. 2013). The relationship between the three components is not always fluent and this can cause mistakes and make the entire process more slow than what it should be. As a matter of fact, this failure can affect society at many different levels because every single component has its own process and this bureaucracy existing inside the components and between them forces every step to have a procedure. Some critics believe the distance existing in the relationship between police, the courts and corrections is necessary. Because Criminal justice agencies set their own policies they can affect the timing and the procedures of the other components. The existence of a different process within each component forces every single one of them to make sure and to guarantee they are performing their job correctly. The courts will not accept a case where the police officers acted illegally in order to obtain the evidence and they will not make use of the corrections to sentence these individuals. At the same time, the courts need to guarantee the entire court session is done as required by the law in order to sentence the suspect. The Criminal Justice system nature is to work with three different components connected by the same purpose, and at the same time each component is divided because they all have to deal with crime and the task of reducing crime rates in different ways. This might be the reason why the system has evolved into what it is today and this could be the best way police, the courts and corrections are supposed to work with each other. Police officers need to be restricted by the law and all the possible legal challenges their cases could face in a court room. The same legal restrictions apply to the correctional officers to guarantee they are protecting the integrity of the inmates and they are doing the best to help them in the rehabilitation process. THE POLICE The police is the force that has the authority and liability to protect the community. Every police department is organized and every single individual who makes part of it has his own function and area of expertise. The police departments are divided in many different units to deal with every possible way of breaking the law. â€Å"The organization of these agencies includes a number of specialized units (patrol, traffic, records)† (Peak, 2012. p58). Since every single unit is working on the same purpose there is a system within the police component. The police departments are organized as a military institution with a chain of command that takes decisions and give orders and subordinates who are responsible of following every order. The role of this chain of command â€Å"is to ensure that these units work together to reach a common goal† (Peak, 2012. p58). This division of labor allows every unit to specialize in their own field and to improve the way they do their job because they will become experts in that area. Once the specialized units apprehended a suspect and they gather the necessary evidence to judge him they are required to transfer this suspect into a court room. In the court room a judge will analyze and study all the evidence gathered in the case and this is when the relationship between the police and the courts is created. Both components exist to make sure justice is enforced in the community, they will share all the information (such as evidence, criminal background) necessary in order to guarantee the process has been done correctly from the moment the suspect was arrested until the judge or the jury make a decision on what the sentence should be or if the suspect is found innocent. This is the part when the police depends on the courts to fulfill their mission. THE COURTS The Courts are the place where justice is made. â€Å"The purposes of the courts are to seek justice and to discover the truth† (The Structure of Criminal Justice. 2013). Once the truth has been discovered thanks to the evidence presented by the police the court will sentence the suspect to pay his debt with society for breaking the laws created to make sure individuals live respecting everybody else. The courts are the place where â€Å"judges, court reporters, clerks, bailiffs, witnesses, plaintiffs, defendants, attorneys, juries, and spectators, as well as police officers, social workers, probation officers, guardians, interpreters and the press† (Peak, 2012. p135) get together to study and witness a case and analyze the ways an individual broke the law and the sentence that should be given in order to guarantee justice is done the right way. Depending on the case the judge or the jury will analyze the evidence presented by the police and the criminal investigators. At the court every possible legal challenge will be analyzed as well. The mistakes in acquiring evidence are called legal challenges and they are taken very seriously, sometimes they could end up in the release of a criminal because some mistake was committed in the investigation process. A legal challenge could appear in anything involved with the handling and gathering of the evidence presented by the investigators. Once the case has been properly studied, the courts will send the criminal to a correctional facility where correctional officers will make sure the inmate is rehabilitated. This relationship between the courts and the corrections is the last step of the Criminal Justice system. The fact that everything started with the police arresting the suspect and ended with the courts sending the inmate to a correctional creates a relationship between the three components. CORRECTIONS The main objective of sending citizens who broke the law to a correctional facility is â€Å"to protect society from crime by safely and securely handling criminal offenders while providing offenders some opportunities for self-improvement and increasing the chance that they will become productive and law-abiding citizens† (Peak, 2012. p205). Some critics tend to believe corrections are not the right answer to deal with criminals due to the fact that not every criminal achieves rehabilitation in a correctional facility. Prisons are organized institutions, the same as the police and the courts who are organized in different sectors to divide all their responsibilities. These sectors could be seen as the specialized units created by the police to deal with every possible crime, the only difference is that in the prisons every office has one responsibility like human resource management division, health care or medical division, administration division and many others created to guarantee every single step of the process is done accurately and according to the law. (Peak, 2012. p205). Having an inmate locked up after committing a crime offers different benefits to society. The danger of having people who break the law on the streets could be very high and making sure they are secured under the supervision of professionals makes everybody feel safer. This is the last step of the Criminal Justice system and it is also where the relationship between the police, the courts and the prisons ends. This step could also be seen as the accomplishment of the entire mission of enforcing justice in society. This relationship and all the connections and procedures where the Criminal Justice system components have to deal and complement each other can be affected by certain rules created by each component and the independence they all have from each other. Why are the three components independent from each other? The three components of the Criminal Justice are independent because they fight crime in different ways. â€Å"Each system component—police, courts, and corrections—has varying degrees of responsibility and discretion for dealing with crime† (Peak, 2012. p6). These degrees of responsibility separates the police officers, the judges and the correctional officers to the point where every institution creates their own procedures to deal with crime and to perform the function they are given in the entire Criminal Justice System. This independence between every single component offers a benefit that could be the same reason why the independence exists. In democracy the government needs to make sure no individual and no institution has total control over any matter. Even the president of the United States powers are regulated by other politicians within the same government. If the three components were put together as one the society could face a big problem because the Criminal Justice system will not be under control. The police officers, the judges and the correctional officers will all be co workers and with this they could lose objectivity by acting guided by other reasons different than justice itself. The fact that the three components are independent from each other protects society from corruption, police abuse, unfair sentences and bad treatment in the correctional facilities. â€Å"Relations among and between these components are often characterized by friction, conflict, and deficient communication† (Peak, 2012. p5). This friction and conflict could be the reason why the entire Criminal Justice system works the way it does. Every single component wants to perform its job correctly in order to keep up with the others, if one of them fails to do this the process of enforcing the law will be affected. On the other side the deficient communication is an issue that needs to be solved. â€Å"Prosecutors often complain that police provide case reports of poor quality.† (Peak, 2012. p5). At the same time Prosecutors and Public defendants are judged by their success in making the court sentence an individual or to drop the charges (Peak, 2012. p5). Corrections are seen by many as institutions where the inmates are not really well influenced. This could be caused due to the independence of all the components or simply because society has not found a better way to deal with crime. The way these components critic and interact with each other creates a competence and a challenge that can be very useful or very bad for everyone. â€Å"In the process of that interaction, conflicts arise. Although conflicts can serve positive ends, many of those In criminal justice tend to defeat the achievement of goals of the total system† (OLeary, V., Newman, D. J. (1970). The police knows the prosecutors will judge their cases and for this reason they are required to have solid reasons before they take an individual into custody. Police officers know their evidence will be challenged by the public defendant, and the judges know the prosecutors and the public defendants have the right to appeal the sentence. Every component is regulated by another. Overall the Criminal Justice system and the relationship between its three components create a process used by society to defend themselves from criminals and to keep these criminals away from their every day lives. Regardless of the miss-communication issues and conflicts existing already within the components they still complement each other. The police needs the courts and the corrections, the courts need the police and the corrections and the corrections need the police and the courts to have a purpose and to fulfill their mission and the responsibilities they have with society. References OLeary, V., Newman, D. J. (1970). Conflict Resolution in Criminal Justice.Journal Of Research In Crime Delinquency,7(2), 99-119. Peak, K. (2012).Justice Administration: Police, Courts, and Corrections Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. The Structure of Criminal Justice. (2013, January 1). Retrieved , from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/more-subjects/criminal-justice/the-criminal-justice-system/the-structure-of-criminal-justice

Hate Crime :: essays research papers

On October tenth of 2004, eleven Christians were arrested for street witnessing on a public sidewalk during a â€Å"gay pride† event. Charges were dropped against six of them, but four adults and one juvenile faced serious charges under Philadelphia's hate crime laws. These five people were charged with criminal conspiracy, â€Å"ethnic intimidation†, reckless endangerment, and inciting a riot. Each person, if convicted, faced 47 years in prison and a $90,000 fine. The state of Pennsylvania recently added â€Å"ethnic intimidation† to its hate crime law on December 5, 2002. Under this section preaching for the Bible is now considered hate speech and is illegal in a public forum. Philadelphia prosecutor Charles Ehrlich attacked the protesters as â€Å"hateful† and claimed that preaching from the Bible about homosexuality is considered â€Å"fighting words† that can be banned from the public square as an incitement to a riot.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In title 18 of the first amendment, it is clearly proven that these Christians did break the law. I do agree with what they were preaching. It is unfortunate that Christians are now being arrested for sharing the gospel in public. The bible clearly states that as Christians, we are supposed to share the good news. In the book of Mathew, chapter nine, verse thirty-five says, â€Å"Jesus went through all the towns and villages, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the good news of the kingdom and healing every disease and sickness.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As Christians, we are supposed to be like Jesus in every aspect of our lives, and these five Christians were doing what they were called to do. However, by doing this, they were breaking the law and in doing so, they needed to be held accountable. OFFENSE DEFINED.--A PERSON COMMITS THE OFFENSE OF ETHNIC INTIMIDATION IF, WITH MALICIOUS INTENTION TOWARD THE ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED RACE, COLOR, RELIGION [OR], NATIONAL ORIGIN, ANCESTRY, MENTAL OR PHYSICAL DISABILITY, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER OR GENDER IDENTITY OF ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS, HE COMMITS AN OFFENSE UNDER ANY OTHER PROVISION OF THIS ARTICLE.

Marty King Essay

Erik Erikson had numerous contributions to the field of psychology; many of which involved his developmental theory. Erikson has been compared to Sigmund Freud; as both men believed that humans develop in stages. Erikson however, believed Freud to be misguided, as Erikson believed that developmental process is one which occurs throughout one’s lifespan; whereas Freud believed that a human’s personality developed by the age of five (Chen, 2007). Erikson published numerous books on human development; as well as issues including the generation gap, changing sexual roles and racial tensions. This quantitative research paper however, discusses Erikson’s eight stages of development and how each stage correlates with symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Each of Erikson’s eight developmental stages consists of certain elements (crises), which if not resolved will result in negative outcomes. The researcher believes that when crises are not resolved within Erikson’s developmental stages, it predisposes individuals to borderline personality disorder. In order to prove this hypothesis, the researcher will conduct quantitative research on the causes and symptoms of borderline personality disorder and the negative outcomes of Erikson’s eight developmental stages; the phenomenological research will then be compared. Borderline personality disorder has been widely studied over the past several decades; however, there is limited research on what childhood (birth to age eighteen) attributes contribute to the onset of BPD. Approximately two percent (up to ten million) of adults in the U. S. are diagnosed with BPD; accounting for twenty percent of psychiatric hospitalizations (NIMH, 2008); many cases of BPD go undiagnosed. Genetic factors have been primarily studied in the past as the biological cause of BPD; however recent research shows that forty to seventy-one percent of BPD patients were sexually abused as children (NIMH, 2008), approximately seventy-three percent report physical abuse and emotional abuse and neglect are also commonly reported in BPD cases. These statistics indicate that there is reason to believe that childhood trauma could significantly predispose a person to BPD. While research as to the possible causes of BPD has been conducted, the researcher proposes that a quantitative study be conducted in order to collect phenomenological data from various studies, for comparison to Erikson’s eight stages of development. The reason for this strategy is that by comparing the results of numerous studies, the researcher can produce â€Å"the bigger picture†, of what predisposes individuals to BPD; thus increasing the probability of successful recovery. The researcher chose Erikson’s eight developmental stages as model for comparison because the eight crises depicted in this model demonstrate the traumas indicated in many BPD cases. When the eight crises are not resolved, the results correlate with BPD symptoms. The researcher aims to prove that individuals who do not resolve the eight negative crises of Erikson’s developmental model; thus suffering some form of childhood trauma, are predisposed to BPD as adults. As mentioned previously, the information proving this hypothesis can be used to improve treatment options for BDP patients. The researcher for this study would like to see a reduction in hospitalization as a treatment for BPD patients; and instead implement alternative methods, such as assisting patients through Erikson’s eight stages. Assisting patients through the eight stages will allow them to re-learn emotional skills and abilities; such as coping skills. The researcher’s professional background in BPD clinical work has allowed significant insight into the difficulties of BPD treatment. Due to the immense amount of physical and emotional energy needed to work with BPD patients; many professionals tend to provide affirmation of the history of failure and poor coping skills by treating the patient with sympathy instead of empathy. The researcher believes that understanding the reasoning behind BPD patient behavior will improve the patient’s ability to improve poor coping skills. This change in professional behavior will reduce the feelings of being burnt out and tired because the professional will be able to support the success of the patient instead of doing the work for them. Currently, there is an attitudinal barrier between the professional and the patient which results in a failure to understand the condition of BPD. The researcher hopes to promote an understanding of BPD patient behavior; behaviors which many clinical professionals find exasperating. In increasing understanding of the development of BPD behaviors, clinicians will be better equipped to work with patients in an inclusive partnership rather than feeling they are exceeding appropriate boundaries. Literature Review Erikson’s Eights Stages of Development The â€Å"Eight Stages of Development†, the process of socialization, were developed by Erik Erikson in 1956 (Child Institute Center, n. d. ). Erikson had extensive experience in psychotherapy; including children and teens of all social classes. Erikson believed that each stage presented a â€Å"psychosocial crisis† in which an individual must experience, learn and resolve in order to successfully manage the next step. Erikson’s eight stages are represented in Figure 1. The eight stages are based on the â€Å"interaction of three different systems: the Somatic system, the ego system, and the societal system† (Keenan, p. 22, 2002). The somatic system refers to the biological processes of human functioning. The ego system are the central thinking and reasoning processes (2002); and the societal system is the process an individual goes through as he becomes integrated into his society. Erikson believed that the eight stages occurred in order and each stage represented a crisis which had to be resolved by the individual. Whether the crisis was completed successfully or not would be the deciding factor on how successful the next stage would be. If the crisis was not mastered, then the individual would be ill prepared to deal with the next stage of development; this trend would continue throughout all the stages. Erikson did believe that the eight stages were relevant throughout life and that he linked a crisis to each stage because that is when the crisis was most salient (Cohen, 2007). Oral-Sensory Stage. In this first stage (trust/mistrust), the first year of life is defined as the time for building trust; this is accomplished by the infant learning trust through the parent or caregiver’s actions and responses to the infant’s needs. Feeding is the focal point of Erikson’s first stage; when the child cries for food, the parent will feed and comfort the infant. If the child is neglected, he will learn to be mistrustful. Erikson also believed if trust was not established in the first stage, the child could become â€Å"frustrated, withdrawn, suspicious, and will lack self-confidence† (Sharkey, 1997). Muscular-Anal Stage. The second stage (autonomy/doubt) consists of ages one through two years old. During this stage the child is face with the development of self-control which is accomplished by a supportive atmosphere. If basic trust was not developed in stage one, the child will have difficulty in establishing self control in stage two, resulting in a lack of self-esteem (Sharkey, 1997). If the parent is too controlling, or does not provide enough structure the child can become doubtful of himself and the environment around him.

Panama essays

Panama essays For centries man has used water as way to get from one place to another very quickly. The Panama Canal is no exception. From around the start of the 16th century people have been trying to find a way to cut a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. Many misfortunes and deaths have been sacrificed to obtain this goal. Finally in 1914 the American had completed one of the greatest feats of all time the Panama Canal, cutting a many months journey to nine hours. The Panama Canal; The Shorter Trade Route. Europeans had wanted of Central American canal as early as the 16thy century; President Ulysses S. Grant sent seven expeditions to study the feasibility of digging the cannel. As travel and trade in the Western Hemisphere increased the need for a canal grew increasingly more important. To sail from the Atlantic to the pacific, ships navigated around the Cape Horn. This was a long and very dangerous trip especially around the tip of South America. A New York to San Francisco journey measured more than 13000 miles and took months to complete. The canals construction was badly needed. History Of Canals A canal is an artificial waterway built for navigation, crop irrigation, water supply and drainage. Canals are usually connected with natural bodies of water or other canal. Canals have been used for thousands of years. They started out in early civilization in the middle east as a way to bring water to the city and to water their crops. In the 3rd century the Chinese began building canals, the longest of these early canals was more than 1000 miles long. Making it the longest artificial waterway in the world. (Britannica(no date)) Romans built huge canals mainly for military transport. By the twelfth century 85% of all Medieval European travel was by waterway.( Britannica(no date)) The greatest invention in canal construction came along 1373. The Dutch developed the pound lock system. The Lock system uses a series of chambers that can be ...

Free Essays on My Learning Experience

My Learning Experience As a child, I was very active and I would participate in any sport or activity that I could. I was always a fast-learner and I would pick up on techniques easily, but the hardest thing that I have ever had to do was learn to swim. Learning a new skill could sometimes be a scary experience. I was always afraid of the water, but I decided that swimming was an important skill that I should learn. I also thought that swimming would be good exercise and help me to become physically stronger, but what I didn’t realize was that learning to swim would make me a more confident person. At the age of eleven, things such as not being able to swim can be very embarrassing. . So, for this reason, one summer my dad and I decided that it was time for me to learn to swim. Before I knew it, I was enrolled in swimming lesson at the Inez pool located in Kentucky. New situations always made me a bit nervous, and my first swimming lesson was no exception. After I changed into my bathing suit in the locker room, I stood timidly by the pool waiting for the instructor and other students. After a couple of minutes the instructor and two other students arrived, and immediately the teacher came over a greeted me with a smile. The other students were both older than me, and they did not seem to be embarrassed about not knowing how to swim. This made me feel more at ease than before. Once we were all acquainted, we got into the pool and the teacher had us put on bright orange water wings to help us stay afloat. One of the other students, Kristen, had already taken the beginning class once before, so she took a kickboard and went splashing off by herself. The other student, Nathan, and I were told to hold on to the side of the pool and were shown how to kick for the breaststroke. One by one, the instructor had us hold on to a kickboard while she pulled it through the water and we kicked. In no time, Nathan was off doing this by himself.... Free Essays on My Learning Experience Free Essays on My Learning Experience My Learning Experience As a child, I was very active and I would participate in any sport or activity that I could. I was always a fast-learner and I would pick up on techniques easily, but the hardest thing that I have ever had to do was learn to swim. Learning a new skill could sometimes be a scary experience. I was always afraid of the water, but I decided that swimming was an important skill that I should learn. I also thought that swimming would be good exercise and help me to become physically stronger, but what I didn’t realize was that learning to swim would make me a more confident person. At the age of eleven, things such as not being able to swim can be very embarrassing. . So, for this reason, one summer my dad and I decided that it was time for me to learn to swim. Before I knew it, I was enrolled in swimming lesson at the Inez pool located in Kentucky. New situations always made me a bit nervous, and my first swimming lesson was no exception. After I changed into my bathing suit in the locker room, I stood timidly by the pool waiting for the instructor and other students. After a couple of minutes the instructor and two other students arrived, and immediately the teacher came over a greeted me with a smile. The other students were both older than me, and they did not seem to be embarrassed about not knowing how to swim. This made me feel more at ease than before. Once we were all acquainted, we got into the pool and the teacher had us put on bright orange water wings to help us stay afloat. One of the other students, Kristen, had already taken the beginning class once before, so she took a kickboard and went splashing off by herself. The other student, Nathan, and I were told to hold on to the side of the pool and were shown how to kick for the breaststroke. One by one, the instructor had us hold on to a kickboard while she pulled it through the water and we kicked. In no time, Nathan was off doing this by himself....

Developing Positive Assertiveness Research Paper

Developing Positive Assertiveness - Research Paper Example It has been seen that usually the behavior of the people fits within one of the four models that are considered the very basic. These comprise of the passive, the aggressive, the indirectly aggressive and the assertive behaviors. This paper will take a deep look at the explanations and proper examples of both assertive and aggressive behaviors. Since assertive behavior is one of the clearest forms of communication, anger is usually portrayed within it. It communicates the interaction in very clear cut terms. Strong feelings are usually represented through this form of behavior. It takes into perspective the feelings and emotions of others undoubtedly (Wild, 2011). It has been known that acting in an assertive manner indeed builds upon the premise of one’s self esteem as well as the self esteem of other individuals. What it does best is to allow people to take charge of their own lives and be more responsible about what they do and what they say. It is like making life work for one’s own self, which indeed is an essential ideology that comes attached with assertive behavior. It does not dig deep into being a victim of one’s circumstances and situations that is always the case rather it focuses more on taking charge of one’s own entirety. ... It just comes naturally with the advent of time, however much training is indeed required. Merely being assertive does not really manifest in essence. What is needed is how well one overcomes the blocks that are present within the realms of the assertive behavior. This is apparent through the numerous blocks that are there within the lives of the people and which are learned through practice (Lloyd, 2002). An example could be quoted here of the nuances which create problems in the wake of learning how to demonstrate assertive behavior. One such block which hinders the smooth flow of assertive behavior is lack of self confidence, which can create serious problems for the people at large. At times, it is usually very difficult to change such patterns which have existed with an individual for so long, and hence it becomes a norm that is difficult to get rid of. If such blocks are removed, learning is all the same and hence success would be achieved within the ranks of showing assertive behavior. Moving on to aggressive behavior, it is indeed one of the most violent behaviors that mankind has ever known. It can often lead to physical behavior which is the most heinous form of aggressive behavior. Aggressive behavior takes into perspective yelling, abuses, physical violence and extreme levels of anger (Emmett, 2011). It could mean to hurt the other person as well as the one who commits to such a behavior in the first place. People usually see aggressive behavior as the one that restrains contact with the individual who is getting into its act for a certain period of time. In other words, the aggressive individual who is showing such a streak would be left high and dry for some time so that

Find the thesis analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Find the thesis analysis - Essay Example Hence, society recognizes man by his power of promise to others and woman’s presence signifies how and in what manner she should be handled. Her actions are mere reflection of her presence and she has been brought up to evaluate them for the sake of man. Thus, she is an artiste and a spectator of her actions. Therefore, her existence is replaced by her presence in case of appreciation only. ‘The surveyor of woman in herself is male: the surveyed female. Thus she turns herself into an object – and most particularly an object of vision: a sight.’ (p. 47). To summarize it, a woman’s actions represent her being and a man’s actions represent his expression. Throughout history, women have been the main theme of art. Artists of different eras, concentrated on women being viewed from various perspectives and diverse surveyors. The subject of nude paintings had its social connotation. Hence, social connotation of any piece of art was and still is; vitally considerable. Traditional nude oil painting period focused its subject towards nude image of a woman hence; these paintings were aimed for the pleasure of gaze. Although, these paintings seem modest in contemporary society, but similarity to them in artistic photographs of present day, cannot be overlooked. The common theme of secular painting era remained the same. ‘the subject (a woman ) is aware of being seen by a spectator’ (p.49). Thus, nude women were painted in a single moment depiction during renaissance. Moment of shame was the manifested theme. The traditional European nude paintings showed how women have been seen and judged. The foremost Adam and Eve, Susannah and the elders, Tintoretto and Susannah, woman looking at her nakedness, are all perfect examples of gaze for pleasure. However, Judgment of Paris introduced a new concept of beauty competency after assessing nude women. Berger has also described that nude art represents social and

A Vision for Tel Aviv Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Vision for Tel Aviv - Case Study Example Here may be seen a working model for the future. Hypocrisy has no place here- there are no 'third-class Israelis' here.( Derfner , 'Third-class Israelis') During that visit a student was asked how all of them got along so well in the school. His answer- "We are all human beings and we treat each other equally" prompted the Rabbi to write, "We should listen and learn from this radiant gem of youthful wisdom. We are all God's children, created in the Divine image. Our sacred task is to see the Divine in one another, and to brighten and restore God's image here on earth." (Diamond, Religious Leaders of Greater Los Angeles Mission to Rome & Jerusalem) Diamond, Rabbi Mark S. Executive Vice President, Board of Rabbis of Southern California, Religious Leaders of Greater Los Angeles Mission to Rome & Jerusalem, January 29, 2008. http://www.boardofrabbis.org/Rome-&-Jerusalem-2008 . Retrieved on 15 April, 2009.

Ikea History and Swot Essay Example for Free

Ikea History and Swot Essay History Ingvar Kamprad, IKEA’s founder, has a very intriguing and impressive life story. Kamprad was a very intelligent young Swedish boy who quickly turned into the 5th wealthiest man in the world. His net worth is now $4.2 billion. At a very early age Kamprad started his selling knowledge. When he was just 5 years old he would buy matches in bulk at a cheap store in Stockholm and re-sell them around his neighborhood at low prices, but enough to make a hefty profit. Kamprad’s selling continued and expanded from flowers to greeting cards to pencils and pens throughout the 1920’s. As Kamprads business skills increased he began studying the retail prices of different items in Sweden. He recognized that furniture prices had increase by 41% in 1935 and realized how profitable this area of retailing could be. In 1943, at age 17 Kamprad received money from his father for his successful studies and used the money to create a business. IKEA was then formed, standing for Ingvar Kamprads initials (I.K.) and the first letter of the farm he lived on, Elmtaryd (E) and the first letter of the village he lived in, Agunnard (A.) Kamprad created his furniture line in 1948 aiming for furniture that would be affordably priced. He began only selling his furniture through magazine advertisements. In 1953 the first showroom opened in Almhult Sweden. This was the first time consumers could physically see and feel the IKEA furniture before ordering them. 3 years later the need for flat packs and self-assembly furniture gave rise; one of IKEA’s co-workers had to remove the legs of a table to fit into their car without damaging the surroundings. (â€Å"IKEA Official Page†) In 1958 the first IKEA store was opened in Almhult Sweden. It was the largest furniture store in Scandinavia at the time with 6,700 square meters. Two years after the opening the store Kamprad introduced the first IKEA restaurant which was located inside the furniture store building. Kamprad expanded his store outside of Sweden in 1963 by opening an IKEA store in Norway. Within ten years IKEA stores were being opened outside of Scandinavian countries and expanding into 3 more continents (â€Å"IKEA Official Webpage†.) One of the most recent expansions was into the Dominican Republic in 2010. IKEA is in the process of opening new stores and developing the most innovative furniture products of today. Store Locations After IKEA opened in Sweden in 1958, it quickly moved into other Scandinavian countries opening stores in Norway in 1963 and in Denmark in 1969. Throughout the 1970’s IKEA rapidly spread through Europe. The first store outside of Scandinavia opened in Switzerland and quickly after IKEA made its presence in Germany. In 1975 IKEA arrived in Australia and opened its first store in Sydney. Throughout the 1970’s IKEA also opened stores in Japan, Hong Kong, The Netherlands and Singapore. Germany has IKEA’s biggest market with 46 stores in the country. Following Germany is the United States with 38 stores across the country. As of right now, IKEA has not appeared in developing countries, but is still planning for more global expansion (Countries.) IKEA group has continued growing every year and is now a large retail experience with over 123,000 co-workers. IKEA’s employees help generate annual sales of more than 21.5 billion dollars. The stores locations are placed strategically. The location is near major roads, freeways and public transportation. Although the stores are not normally placed in densely populated areas, IKEA is still successful and reaps high traffic due to the Huff Gravity model. Since IKEA stores are so large and carry a wide range of products, people are willing to travel a further distance to their stores. The largest IKEA store is in Stockholm, Sweden with a size of 55,200 square meters and following behind it is the Shanghai, China store with a size of 49,400 square meters (â€Å"IKEA†) In 2011 IKEA announced a plan to build a wind farm in Sweden to help IKEA achieve its ecological goal of running on 100 percent renewable energy. The next year IKEA made another announcement about the company creating a chain of 100 economy hotels in Europe. However, these IKEA hotels will not follow the same IKEA brand name and will not be furnished with IKEA’s furniture. The list below contains the country and number of IKEA stores present in the country, ranked in order of their opening dates: Sweden (17), Norway (6), Denmark (5), Switzerland (7), Germany (46), Japan (5), Australia (7), Canada (12), Hong Kong (3), Austria (6), Singapore (2), The Netherlands (12), Spain (15), Iceland (1), France (28), Saudi Arabia (3), Belgium (6), Kuwait (1), United States (38), United Kingdom (18), Italy (20), Hungary (2), Poland (8), Czech Republic (5), United Arab Emirates (2), Slovakia (1), Taiwan (4), Finland (4), Malaysia (1), Russia (14), Israel (2), Greece (4), Portugal (3), Greece (5), Portugal (3), Brazil (3), Turkey (5), Romania (1), Cyprus (1), Ireland (1), Dominican Republic (1), Brazil (1), Bulgaria (1) and Thailand (1) . Target Market IKEA strives to have a wide target market, wanting people around the world of all different demographics and psychographics to purchase IKEA products. IKEA defines its global target market as â€Å"young people of all ages† including individuals, families, design exteriors, and hospitality businesses like hotels. IKEAs target audience includes but is not limited to age groups of 18 to 34 and 35 to 49 years old. IKEA focuses on college and post graduate aged individuals. IKEA’s target market contains both sexes. IKEA’s target market typically lives in urban college and metropolitan areas. The salaries of the target market can range from $15,000 to $50,000 and are usually spending their money on technology products (such as iPhones and iPads.). IKEAs target audience engages in a quick paced lifestyle that may include travelling and moving often, for example moving from apartment to apartment or to an upgraded home. Due to this â€Å"mover† lifestyle they are normally looking for a cheap, easy to build product that can be packed tightly. Because of their median income, the consumer is not very status conscientious and is not searching for expensive designer furniture. The shoppers’ personalities are relaxed and/or creative and artistic. They are considerably fashionable and search for trends, but love to get deals simultaneously. They want to do things themselves (which follows closely with IKEA’s do it yourself product attitude) and care about the environment (Rowe.) IKEA also focuses on budget conscious families. This target market is beginning to start a more domestic lifestyle. The families usually have young children. To satisfy this target market most IKEA stores include a daycare or child-watch section for the children inside the stores. Although this target audience is in a different stage in their life, they still hold similar habits and lifestyle as the previously described target audience (Rowe.) Product Assortment IKEA is a retailer of home furnishings. You can find anything you need for every room in your house at IKEA. From the IKEA official website, their departments include: Bathroom| Living room| Bedroom| Office furniture| Cooking| Outdoor| Decoration| Secondary storage| Dining| Small storage| Eating| Textiles rugs| Hallway| Youth room| Kitchen| Children’s IKEA| Laundry| IKEA FAMILY products| Lighting| | (â€Å"IKEA Official Webpage†) IKEA sells items ranging in these categories and they even provide customers with the service to help them create their own kitchen, closets and office with IKEA products. Their kitchen services include Total Project Management, Delivery, Installation and more. Their individual kitchen planning start at $199 and their measuring service start at $49. In IKEA retail locations, they also have IKEA Food. They have a restaurant where they sell their own assortment of Swedish food, located inside the IKEA retail store. Customers can sit down in a cafeteria style dining and enjoy IKEA’s famous Swedish meatballs and Lingonberry drink at amazingly low prices. In IKEA, there is also a Bistro/Exit Cafà © right at the checkout where they sell typical American food, ranging from 75 cents to $4, such as hot dogs, chips, soda, frozen yogurt and more. IKEA also has their own â€Å"grocery† section where they sell Swedish food. The IKEA official website states that the IKEA Swedish Food is â€Å"based on Swedish recipes and traditions, the wide choice of food and drink runs from frozen meatballs to sweets and coffee. You’ll save time and money whether you’re making a meal for your whole family or putting together the menu for a party† (IKEA). Their food categories include: Beverages, Easy to prepare, Meat, fish seafood, Pastries, desserts cookies, Sweets, chocolates snacks and Swedish celebrations. The last category has food items such as Swedish Christmas drink, cheese pie, Rhubarb crumble tart, and frozen Saffron rolls. SWOT Analysis Strengths * Low prices: IKEA has a strong concept based on offering a wide range of well, designed, functional products at low prices. They have created a design that is a balance between function, quality, design and price which appeals to customers in tough financial times. Their pricing strategy appeals to consumers both with limited financial resources and those with higher budgets searching for trendy, modern furniture. Due to Porter’s generic strategies, IKEA follows an integrated cost leadership and differentiation strategy. * Product’s ease of assembly: IKEA products come with clear instructions making it easy for anyone to assemble the product without the help of a professional. * Location and design of store (the IKEA store experience): IKEA locations are successful because of the Huff Gravity Model – due to the large size of IKEA, people are willing to go the distant locations where IKEAs are located. IKEA’s store design is very unique. The layout is designed in such a way that makes customers go through the entire store to get to their final purchase. A lot of customers go to IKEA for its unusual experience. * Global positioning: IKEA is available throughout the world and they cater their products to each country they go into. For example, they redesign the size of the beds for the different countries. American consumers need larger sized bedding differentiating from the European consumers who had smaller, longer beds. * Reputation for products and company: IKEA customers enjoy the modern look of IKEA products because the target market consists of creative individuals searching for trendy products. IKEA’s brand is ranked globally at number 28 and ranked number 1 for sustainable image by Ranking the Brands Overview (Brand Ranking.) * Large catalogue reach: IKEA’s yearly catalogue reaches several countries and easily advertises IKEA products to those customers. Their catalogue is distributed in 36 countries, in 27 languages and in 52 different versions. Weaknesses * Product quality: IKEA has been known for having poor quality products. But the need for low cost products means there has to be a compromise between quality and price. * Poor customer service: Because of IKEA’s do it yourself model and very straight forward instructions eliminates the need for a help desk and intensive customer service. Customer service is important to ensure complete shopping experience and ensure repeat business. * Massive store growth- IKEA is experiencing problems in a couple of their home markets. One example is the UK is expanding the number of IKEA store locations but the number of shoppers is not increasing. This means that there is a constant number of visitors divided by a larger number of retail outlets producing fewer shoppers per store. In the past consumers would travel large distances to visit stores and each store a had a large number of visitors, now the amount of consumers purchasing IKEA products has not increased in numbers but they are able to visit a more local store. These new store locations reduce the footfall per store and sales density (SWOT Analysis IKEA.) Opportunities * Financial condition: Because of the current financial condition, consumers are trading down from expensive stores to the low priced products offered at IKEA. * IKEA website: IKEA has an opportunity to grow through expanding their online shopping. IKEA website only has a few items you can purchase and IKEA will ship it to your house or you can pick it up at an IKEA location near you. IKEA could expand their online product offerings and services to increase product sales. * Smaller stores: IKEA store locations are distant and large and they can take advantage of opening smaller stores in more dense locations where people can buy small home products or buy their Swedish food. IKEA must only open these new store locations in places where the number of customers is increasing, to avoid a reduction in footfall per store like the UK market. * More stores in the U.S.: IKEA currently has only 38 stores across the country and they could possibly expand this market due to the high percentage of sales the United States gives IKEA. * Capitalize their Green efforts: IKEA can capitalize on their GREEN efforts. Customers’ desire to have less of an impact on the environment and due to the increased demand for cheaper and greener products, IKEA can take advantage of this and develop these products that the market wants. * Bonus/rewards services: IKEA can add bonus/rewards services to increase customer satisfaction as well as increase customer loyalty. Threats * Product quality: IKEA products are poorly made and people are willing to spend the extra buck to buy a product of better quality that will last for years. * Competitors: More competitors are entering the low price household and furnishing markets increasing the competition IKEA will have to face. * When the economy strengthens- The recession slows down consumer spending and disposable income reduces. However when the economy strengthens, consumers will be willing to purchase furniture products at a higher price in order to get better quality. IKEA needs to find a way to stay profitable when the economy takes this turn. Promotion Strategy IKEA promotes their retail through traditional advertising such as TV commercials, a yearly print catalogue as well as utilizing new ways of advertising such as social media and guerrilla marketing. In the past IKEA’s television commercials were characterized as funny and crazy often stating the slogan â€Å"they are crazy these Swedes†. This statement referred to the â€Å"crazy† low prices IKEA products were offered for. They would also often have a Swedish guy driving a yellow buggy loaded with IKEA boxes. Presently, IKEA commercials are more simple and modern. The new commercials focus on families in a household setting using IKEA products. These commercials continue with the humorous appeal, but only focus on a few IKEA items, to ensure the customers are more focused on the substance of the commercial. IKEA utilizes social media by holding contests on websites such as Facebook. When they were opening their new IKEA Malmo store in 2009, they created a Facebook campaign where a showroom picture was uploaded to their Facebook profile and the first people to tag an item won that item (How To? From IKEA). Through the speed of social media, IKEA was able to get their customers to personally promote IKEA. IKEA also has held several contests throughout the years. They have contests such as â€Å"What’s your story?†, â€Å"The Life Improvement Project†, â€Å"Dream Kitchen Giveaway† and several more. They really enjoy promoting their products by getting their customers involved. IKEA uses customer interaction in many of their promotion strategies. IKEA also has a yearly catalogue that can be sent to your homes or picked up at a local IKEA location. IKEA’s yearly catalogue takes up a large part of their marketing budget because the catalogue is used as a main channel for communication around the world. IKEA’s catalogue is distributed in 36 countries, in 27 languages and in 52 different versions. The catalogues distributed in different countries have the same Scandinavian names but differ in their product offerings which are highlighted on separate pages (Gustafson). IKEA caters to the different countries where they distribute their catalogues by trying to incorporate the different cultures into their catalogue. On top of sending paper catalogues around town, IKEA likes to go out of their way to show IKEA products in their normal settings but in extraordinary locations utilizing the concept of â€Å"guerrilla marketing†. This usually occurs when IKEA is opening new stores. Examples of IKEA’s guerilla marketing include redecorating bus stations with IKEA furniture, redoing a subway bus with IKEA furniture and mounting IKEA furniture off the side of buildings. They make it as extreme as possible because they want to draw in people’s attention and make them stop and have a look. To promote their store in Tampa, IKEA produced their take on a ‘message in a bottle’ by placing an IKEA playroom inside a giant plastic bottle. In Japan, IKEA transformed a gingko tree-lined boulevard in Tokyo’s shopping district of Aoyama into an open-air museum. They had fifteen box-like structures the size of typical Japanese rooms which were fitted out IKEA furnishings (Capell). IKEA alters their advertising to the match the different cultures and environment for each country, but continues to enforce their unusual extreme promotions to reach a large amount of people and hold their attention. . Works Cited Capell, Kerry. Ikeas New Plan for Japan. BusinessWeek. N.p., 25 Apr. 2006. Web. http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-04-25/ikeas-new-plan-for-japan. Facts Figures. IKEA. N.p.. Web. 21 Feb 2013. http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/about_ikea/facts_and_figures/facts_figures.html. Gustafson, Martin, and Eric Jonsson. Influence of Culture and National Image on Marketing: A Study of IKEA’s Promotion in Sweden and France. (2008): n. pag. Web. http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:158758. History . IKEA offical webpage. N.p.. Web. 21 Feb 2013. http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/about_ikea/the_ikea_way/history/index.html. How To? From IKEA. IGK Marketing RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2013. http://igkmarketing.com/ikea/. IKEA. Advertisement. IKEA. N.p., n.d. Web. http://www.ikea.com/us/en/catalog/categories/departments/cooking/16260/. IKEA. Countries with IKEA Stores. N.p.. Web. 21 Feb 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_with_IKEA_stores. Marketing Teacher. SWOT Analysis IKEA . Marketing Teacher Ltd 2000. Web. 25 Feb 2013. http://www.marketingteacher.com/swot/ikea-swot.html. Rowe, C.. Scribd. IKEA Marketing Plan. N.p.. Web. 21 Feb 2013. http://www.scribd.com/doc/65014303/IKEAMarketingPlan. ADD BRAND RANKING WORKS CITED

French Literature in the Age of Reason :: European Europe History

French Literature in the Age of Reason The Age of Reason, or the Enlightenment, was a period in France during the 1700's following the classical age. Within this time, philosophers placed the emphasis on reason as the best method for learning. It explored issues in education, law philosophy, and politics. It attacked tyranny, social injustice, superstition, and ignorance. This time produced advances in such areas as anatomy, astronomy, chemistry, mathematics, and physics. These were the ideals taken up for both the American and French revolutions. A significant amount of the literature produced was philosophical, and written by important thinkers such as Voltaire, Denis Diderot, and Jean Jacques Rousseau. Of the above, Voltaire was the most well-known literary figure of the time. He fought against intolerance and bigotry, and worked to promote rationalism through his literary skills. His most famous work is the novel Candide (1759). As well, Voltaire wrote tragedies influenced by the works of William Shakespeare. Through his many works on European and world history, he helped develop the principles of historical writing for modern times. Denis Diderot is most famously known for editing one of the great intellectual achievements of the Enlightenment, the French Encylopà ©die (1751-1772). The Encylopà ©die is a collection of articles written by many writers in several fields. The purpose of the book was to try and rationally explain recent scientific discoveries while attacking religous authority, economic inequality, and abuses of justice. In his novel The New Heloise (1761), Jean Jacques Rousseau suggested changes in French society, and in Emile (1762) put forward the idea of change in education. The autobiography Confessions (published in 1782 and 1789 after his death) helped to create the modern works that provoke self-analysis. Rousseau, with his sensitivity to nature, brought a more lyrical and meditative sensation back to French literature. An example of this can be found in Reveries of the Solitary Stroller (1782). There are several other major writers and works that helped contribute to the literary expression during the Age of Reason. There was Montesquieu, who wrote wittingly about social critisism in Persian Letters (1721). The well-known satirical novel Gil Blas (1715-1735) written by Alain Renà © Lesage.

Human resources Essay Essay

This essay is basically about the Catastrophe Concepts contract. Catastrophe Concepts is an Australian manufacturer as well as a distributor of women’s fashion apparel. The sales manager of the company, Karen Stevens was hired by the company in the year 2001 and currently Karen works as a senior sales executive for Catastrophe Concepts. It has been eight years now that Karen is working for the company and is being paid $175,000 annually and is also provided with a company maintained car. However, there is no specific written record regarding Karen’s recruitment except for a letter that was sent to Karen in which she was welcomed to the company and it also said that she would be paid $75,000 annually by the company. However, Catastrophe Concepts is now facing a serious downturn that has concerned the marketing manager of the company, Lilly Zheng to question whether Karen should be allowed to continue working for the company or not. Karen has been working for Catastrophe Concepts since the last eight years with all sincerity and no issues of misconduct or decline in her performance can been seen as her performance has always been rated acceptable but she does not have any further chance of promotion or to further advance in her career. This is the reason why Lilly Zheng is concerned whether Karen should be allowed to continue working for the company or she should be terminated and due to this Lilly has a few questions in her mind and she wants the human resource manager, George Chapel to answer. In this part of the paper I would answer some of the questions arising in the mind of Lilly Zheng from the viewpoint of George Chapel. The first question that Lilly has in her mind is related to Karen’s termination and she wants to know how Catastrophe Concepts can terminate Karen. For this, I would say that termination would not be the correct word to be used in this case and the reason behind this is that an employee can only be terminated from the company on the basis of misconduct or due to unsatisfactory performance but Karen is not charged of any of the two so she cannot be terminated from Catastrophe Concepts. However, termination has a broader concept than this and it can be voluntary i. e. with the employee’s free will or it can be involuntary i. e. terminated by employer. Layoffs and dismissals are a part of involuntary termination. In this situation, Catastrophe Concepts can layoff Karen due to the downturn of the business or they can opt for a mutual agreement between Karen and the company. In order to make the termination soft, the company can take certain actions such as by asking Karen herself to resign and to convince her to do so by explaining her facts. Termination always leaves negative affects on the other employees working for the company as they become unsecure about their own job and their motivation level decreases. For this purpose, at the time when Karen is terminated, she should be given various incentives and should be allowed to leave the company in the most respectable manner (Storey 1998).. In case Karen agrees to leave the company and if she joins a competitor, there are many risks involved with this as Karen has worked for Catastrophe Concepts for quite a long period of eight years and she knows a lot about the company. Moreover, she is the senior sales executive and so she knows all the techniques of selling women’s apparel and where ever she will go she would definitely use her skills. Due to this, there should be some restrictions that should apply to Karen such as she should be made to sign a contract not to provide the company details to the competitor or to provide the competitor with the secrets of the company. (David 1997). If Karen provides confidential marketing information to the competitor, this would be very bad for Catastrophe Concepts as this will help the competitor not only to know the marketing secrets of the company but it would also help the competitor predict the future actions Catastrophe Concepts is planning to take and on this basis, they might come up with better strategies or they might use the same marketing plans before Catastrophe Concepts applies these strategies and plans and this will prove to be awful for Catastrophe Concepts. Another possibility that might happen after Karen’s termination is that she might lure and hire other staff currently employed by Catastrophe Concepts. This would also prove to be bad for Catastrophe Concepts as they would loose their employee and with the employee, they also have a lot of possibility off losing company’s information. Moreover, as the employees as already trained by Catastrophe Concepts, they would have to hire a new employee and train them all over again and this involves both financial and time cost. Huselid 1995). The second part of the paper suggests the restraint of trade clause that should have been included in Karen’s original written contract. Moreover, another thing that needs to be taken care off in this contract should be in context with the duration, extent and geography. For such situations, it is very important for Catastrophe Concepts to have a good human resource department so that they can fulfill their duties and do the best for the employees working in the company. It is the duty of the human resource department to come up with various strategies and trade clauses for the employees. Previously, however Catastrophe Concepts did not have any such trade clause due to which they are facing this problem now, therefore they should take steps now and should work on the clause so that such problems do not occur in future. It is always necessary for the company to have their legal rules defined to the employees so that they are aware of things. Having a trade clause would further enable to protect its legal rights and there should always be an agreement between the company and the employee. It is also a wise idea to have employment agreements as these would enable Catastrophe Concepts to guard their wellbeing against the employees working for the company; however the human resource department has to be careful when coming up with trade clauses and they should make sure that they have the most important ones already defined for the company. Some of the most important ones are mentioned in the paragraphs below. (Micallef & Powell 1997). When an employee agrees not to opt for a profession that is similar to the one he is currently working as in order to prevent competition against the company is possible when an employees signs a non-compete clause. Once the employee signs the contract, he is bound to obey it and he cannot opt for the same profession once he resigns or is terminated from a company. This contract can help the company to prevent the employee from distributing the company’s confidential information or any kind of trade secrets to the competitor. These secrets might include the company’s marketing strategies or the products the company plans to come up with in future. (Lado &Wilson 1994). Non-Solicitation Agreement would basically help Catastrophe Concepts to guard the employees from stealing information or the customers. Other than this, they can form non-competition agreements as they can center on geography, customers as well as knowledge. It is not likely for Catastrophe Concepts to stop the competitors from competing with the company but there are certain situations in which such contracts can be signed such as in employee-employer situation. Non-disparagement agreement averts the employee to speak bad things about the employer and the non-interference agreement averts the employee from interfering in relationships such as between the vendors or the customers, etc. Other than this, Catastrophe Concepts can also opt for confidentiality agreement, termination agreement and workplace property agreement, etc. Confidentiality agreement would prevent the employee from giving the confidential information of the company to the competitors while the termination agreement would help the company in terminating employees by making the employees sign a contract at the time they join the company. Moreover, another problem Catastrophe Concepts might face could be to keep the property at the workplace safe and secure and for this it is essential for the company to make the employees sign the workplace property agreement. (Leat 2001).

Popular culture can be seenas a tool for maintaining status quo, discuss this point of view

Marxist school of thought argues that society is structured by and is divided into classes with the ruling one being at the top of the hierarchy. No matter which class takes that social power (hegemony) and becomes the bourgeoisie of its time, there is always a need to maintain it, thus controlling the proletariat by any means at hand. In this essay I will discuss how popular culture is used to achieve this goal according to the Marxist point of view. In the modern times culture and classes are mostly confined within individual states, although interchangeable cultural values and process of globalisation might be developing in our society, they are not yet matured enough to challenge the key capitalist ideology. The state in opinion of such Marxist as Louis Althusser is the kind of governmental formation that arises with capitalism; a state (term ‘nation' can also be applicable in this case) is determined by the capitalist mode of production and formed to protect its interests. It is historically true (whether you are a Marxist or not) that the idea of nations as discrete units is coterminous with capitalism. He sees such political ideologies as democracy for example, as providers of an illusion that all people are equal, and have equal power (and hence masks relations of economic exploitation). ‘Culture is a constant succession of social practices: it is therefore inherently political' (John Fiske) Althusser stated in his works that there are two main ways in which the elite can manipulate lower classes; Ideological State Apparatuses is one of such mechanisms. These are institutions, which generate ideologies, which we as individuals (and groups) then internalize, and act in accordance with. Examples include schools, religions, the family, legal systems, politics, arts, sports and media. As we will see later, popular culture can be used in conjunction with these ISAs. Since the end of 19th century television started to play a major role in our lives. It generates values, ideas and messages that we often do not question thoroughly enough to understand their indented meanings. Thus, arguably it is the tool social elite uses to controls us. Due to the fact that television is often blended into the term popular culture or is defined as significant element of popular culture; I shall base my discussion around its example. According to such theorists as John Fiske and Wiesengrund Adorno mass media promote low cultural concepts (to which all this of popularity are assigned according to elitist point of view) that are meant to keep the members of the lower society classes passive or even narcotized to fuel the capitalist machine. A good example would be a BBC news report that is considered to be trustworthy source of information. Every day before report goes on air its content is carefully edited to fit in with the current government agendas and social norms. Even though issues raised may concern a variety of professional debates within the society, they are simplified and implemented in the standardized language to be easily understood, hence dummed down to the level of the lowest common denominator that is proletariat. Amongst such concepts is commodity culture which links well with the culture industry. First endorses the view that people in modern society are nothing more than a set of branded goods and are easily manipulated. This theory connotes that anything could be purchased in the capitalist society for a certain amount of money that serve as ultimate lever of the classes. John Fiske goes on to expand this idea to suggest that even loyalty, love and friendship values can be corrupted by this type of popular culture. Supporting these statements is a difficult task; however, let us look at some common to all of us things. Non-compulsory military service could suggest purchasable loyalty; it offers good wages and high quality training in exchange for your life (extreme and blunt example yet makes a point). Commodity culture in its turn, as stated by Adorno, keeps us passively satisfied and politically disinterested. It provides us with false needs to take care of and a set of fetishistic desires, which invade our lives. All of this is said to exhaust our economic potential to the point we loose our upward mobility and become an inactive part of the society that poses no threat to the ruling elite's hegemony. Take reality TV shows and property market. Do we really need to know that some of our fellow humans can't sing? Or do we need to keep buying and selling properties until we have large mortgages, high levels of stress and no real power? Yet most of the people master the art of making do that is popular culture values. Finally French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu divided capital into cultural and financial parts. He reasoned that similar to variable access to money and thus power by different classes and social groups, there is a variable possession of cultural and symbolic power. Hence by embracing popular culture we lower our cultural capital that affects our status and meaning within the modern society. Marxist view of the society is quite dated now, yet it still provides alarmingly appropriate to modern day life ideas. Nonetheless, it is important to understand that in its extreme and pure form Marxist view can only lead to wild conspiracy theories and delusional arguments. In my opinion Marxism should be used in conjunction and contrast with its rival theories in order to reach realistic conclusions.